Saturday, July 23, 2011

National Parks- Yosemite National Park- California

We stayed in Yosemite National Park on June 26. The first day we did a 3 mile hike along the Mist Trail to Vernal Falls. I was not only misted but I got completely soaked along this trail.


Vernal Falls with steps of Mist Trail.

That night we stayed at Hodegton Meadow- we had to store of food in metal locking cabinets because it is a $5,000 fee if you don't properly store your food away from the bears.

Our campsite was about 45 minutes outside Yosemite Valley from where our trial head was and the shuttle ran from. I felt like Yosemite did not manage thier tourist traffic well. There are traffic jams daily in the valley right in front of Yosemite Falls, El  Capitan and Half Dome (17 miles round trip and some say the Half Dome is a slightly  less intense Grand Canyon hike). The amount of cars in the valley was overwhemling; there are lodges and stores in the valley as well.  Visitors need to park away from the natural wonders and wildlife and then take a shuttle like in Zion to the trial heads and scenic views of the park.


Half Dome, Yosemite.
Photo Credit: Eric Robinson


Yosemite Falls.
Photo Creidt: Eric Robinson



Yosemite especially should put the shuttle system into practice because of the volume of people who come to the park.The many people of Calironia live close enough to treat it like a State Park and make Yosemite a weekend getaway.Unlike in say Yellowstone, where the trip is a week long vacation. Yosemite is more easily accessible for people to visit on the short term and therefore receives more people traffic.



State Parks- Big Trees Park-California

We visited Big Tree State Park aka Calaveras State Park on June 24. We hiked along the North Grove Trail of the park which was about 2 miles long. In the spring of 1852, Augustus T. Dowd discoverd this  grove of big trres.

Giant sequoia trees are the largest living things ever to exist on earth. Fossil records date back 180 million years and each individual tree can live up to 3,000 years. Each tree weighst about 2,600 tons or 18 blue whales. The roots are 6- 8 feet underground and can spread outwards up to an acre.  There are only 75 groves of these trees in the western Sierra Nevadas Mountians.The tallest tree or tree wiht greatest mass in the North Grove of this park is 30 feet in diameter- that six of me wide!

The blurry spec in front of the tree yeah that's me.
Photo Credit: Chris Novellino

On June 24,  we also visited Mercer Caverns in Murpys, Califronia. In the 1800s, a man with the last name Mercer was looking for gold  when stumbled upon the opening of the cavern,  he tied a rope to a rock above  and ventured inside the hole with his only lgiht being a board wihta candle on to . He witnessed the beautufl cavern walls inside and decided that he would make the cavern viewable to others. He kept venturing futher  discovering more and more of the cavern over the years. One day he fell during one of his excursions in the cavern and his wife continued his legacy. The cave itself was formed by an underground river and is 16 stories deep; it too is probably connected to other canverns in the surrounding area. The minerals inside the cavern won  awards at the 1900 World Fair in Paris. It was nice to beat the heat of the a sunny Californian day deep inside of a cool cavern.

Within the cavern.
Photo Credit: Trish Seelman


National Parks- Channel Islands- California

We stayed on the Channel Islands off the coast of California for two days from June 21st- 22nd. We took a ferry there and back and on both rides part of our journey on our little boat was surrounded by dolphins.

The first day of our stay we hiked Potato Harbor Trail. The views off of the cliffs were magnificent- white cliffs with clear, teal water lapping up on them.

Erin on the trail perched on some cliffs.
Photo Credit: Eric Robinson

We stopped along our journey to talk about the history and wildlife of the island. The island we were staying on is the largest of the Channel Islands, Santa Cruz. It is 96 square miles and is one of 8 islands, 5 of which are usually visible. All the islands were formed by volcanic activity. Native Americans inhabited the island for hundreds of years but the first European settlers came in 1542. The island over the years was a ship ranch and farm. In 2007, all the mammals that were not native to the island were removed (pigs, sheep, cattle). In 1980, the islands officially become the Channel Islands National Park; the Park Service has 24% of island and the Nature Conservancy manages the other 76%.

The tactile vegetaion at the Islands was overpowering.
Photo Credit: Trish Seelman
There are more than 1,000 species on the island today. Beware of the foxes on the island because they are used to tourists and will try to steal your food, the ravens as well will try to steal your food.
Santa Cruz Island fox.

There is also the scrub island jay, a type of bird, who does not migrate from the island and have experienced island gigantism. The jays on the island are 30% larger than their mainland relatives.

Comparison to Santa Cruz Island Scrub Jay.


 The trees on the island are the red gum or eucalyptus tree used for lumber and ornamental use because of its leaves that smell so good. The tree is an invasive species from Australia but is very abundant on the island and quite climbable as our group discovered. The Channel Islands are also known for their kelp forest that surrounds the island; kelp whihch is the largest oxygen producing plant from the ocean grows and they two feet a day (whoa).

Kelp Forest, now that is something you don't see everyday.

The island has suffered much destruction from the pigs, sheep and cattle that were there for more than 100 years. The island also suffered from the spraying of DDT and of course the tourists who constantly visit the islands for recreation.

In the Grand Canyon- its actuallly a funny story we saved Mormons.

And we also save a group of Mormons more tourists who clearly had no idea what they were getting themselves into when taking on hiking into the Grand Canyon.

Driving from Pennsylvania, five children, mom afriad of heights, all of family is not physically fit. They decided to hike down to bottom of Grade Canyon in hiking shoes bought from ebay that don’t fit and  eight cases of 24 packs of water. First of all, you need to break in your hiking shoes, bring enough water for the hike down and then bring a water purifier to get moe water at the river whenyou arrive.

So the family embarks and the mom gets stuck at a the first water refill station at the top only 2 miles into 12 mile  hike. The rest of the family takes 2 days to get to the bottom of the canyon to Hermit Creek where some of us camped.

The two youngest kids come up to Hossay, one of  our professors, at the campsite and  told him their father is dyhydrated and wants them to hike out of the Grand Canyon that night. Hossay who once was a wildresness rescuer goes over and gives the dad Gatorade and convinces him to not hike at night. Hossay also duct tapes one of the kids hiking shoes together because they fell apart on the way down hiking.

The next day we hike out with the kids- telling them only to bring the purified water we give them in their backpacks. A ranger has to go to where the mom is and has been staying for 4 days- not knowing what shape her family is in- and help her hike out by holding her hand. The dad had to be lifted out by helicopter. What a great family vacation! and what a story for us not only did I hike the Grand Canyon but we saved a family.   

The family's car at the top of the canyon.
Check out the red bumper sticker- it says one of the older sons is an Eagle Scout.....

National Parks- Grand Canyon- Arizona

The Grand Canyon can only be described in one word: grand.

Clifford, Erin and the Grand Canyon.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

We stayed at the Rim of the Grand Canyon on June 16 (not exactly the rim but a campsite about a half hour from where we were going to hike from the next day). On June 17, we hiked down into the bowels of the Canyon.

View on the way down.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


Trail sign, leading to either campsite at end of Hermit Trail.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

It took about 5 hours and it was a twelve mile hike. It was easier than I had expected it was mostly downhill except for the last mile and a half. One of our campsites was closer to the end of the Hermit Trail which we hiked, Hermit Creek which was right off the trail; it had a small pool among the rocks to swim in and a small waterfall.

"Swimming pool" and waterfall at Hermit Creek.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

My half of the group had to camp at Hermit Rapids, a beach campsite along the Colorado River which was too cold and fast moving to really swim in. We had to hike another mile and a half to that site at the Rapids and by that point I was tired and past my physical limit for hiking.

While at Hermit Rapids, we spoke about endangered species.Seven out of the nine fish species native to the Colorado are endangered because of the dams along the River. This is because there is less sediment in the water so the water is both clearer (easier for predators to see the fish) and colder (some fish species couldn’t adapt).The California condor is also being affected. 50,000 years ago these birds used to be all over North America and since the 1900s they have only been found in the Southwestern United States. In the 1980s, they started a captive breeding and release program. They spent 35 million dollars for 200 birds and they still heavily mange the birds which is also very costly.

After our discussion thankfully, someone switched campsites with me so I womaned up and hiked back the mile and a half to Hermit’s Creek. The next day when hiking out, I was in the middle of the hiking group compared to the back where I usual am; all because I got that little extra head start by staying at the other campsite. 

And this is where we slept under that cliff hang.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

Hiking out we went up the same way we came down but this time we went uphill. There were three sets of switchbacks along the way plus climbing boulders and some fairly level ground.

The flatter ground of the Hermit Trail.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

The entire canyon.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


Erin on the trail complete with canyon and hiking gear.
Photo Credit: Erin Magure

The last set of switchbacks I thought I was going to die. It was and is the hardest thing I have ever done in my life. When I reached the top and everyone started yelling you made it I felt like I wanted to cry, collapse in exhaustion and jump for joy all at the same time. I have never been so proud of myself.  I made it out in 5 and a half hours woot woot go me!

National Parks- Zion National Park- Utah

On June 14th, we stayed at Zion National Park in Utah. We hiked Angels Landing which is over a mile above sea level and was about a 5 mile hike.


Yeah, we climbed to the top of that cliff.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


Look at the happy hikers.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

Half way there.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire
We first climbed two sets of switchbacks then we got to the tough part of the climb where we had to hang onto chains and climb parts of the canyon's rock face to make it to the top.

What we had to look forward to.
Photo credit: Erin Maguire


What a view and climb.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


More happy hikers.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

View from the top of Angels Landing.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire
Once at the top we had a gorgeous view of many of the canyons of the park as well as a nice view of the Virgin River which feeds into the Colorado River.


Lunchtime- on top of a cliff!
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

After making our way down from the intesnve cliff face, we had a discussion about the green initiatives of Zion. First of all, unlike Bryce or Yosemite, Zion only has shuttles going to certain areas of the park; in Bryce and Yosemite you are encouraged to take the shuttle but you can drive your car to all areas of the park. In Zion, you have to park your car near the Visitor's Center and take the shuttle- the only way for us to get to Angels Landing was to take the shuttle.

The Zion Visitor Center is also a tribute to green building design.


Energy-Efficient Features:
  • Trombe wall- heat from the sun is trapped between a pane of glass and a black coating. A concrete block wall stores the heat for release into the building later in the day.
  • Lighting-The primary source of light in the Visitor Center is daylight because the windows were positioned in the building to collect the right amount of light. 
  • Photovoltaic (PV) system- the building only uses natural light and natural cooling practices (so no air conditioning). the little power needed by the center is provoded by these solar panels. Excess power is stored in batteries.  
  • Glazing design and window selection- a low-e coating on the glass reduces heat loss from the building while allowing light and heat to enter, the windows also utlize overhangs in each season.

  • Trees- a canopy of trees also insualtes buidling in winter and keeps it in the shade in the summer.
  • Passive down-draft cooltower- Water is circulated over pads at the top of the tower. As the water evaporates, it cools the air. The cool air "falls" through the tower into the building.

National Parks-Bryce Canyon-Utah

On June 13th, we stayed at Bryce Canyon National Park. We hiked the Queen's Garden Trail.

Lucia, Erin and Trish the beginning of the journey.
Check out that hat.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

Bryce Canyon was nothing of what I had expected; it was more beautiful than I had imagined. It felt like a more compact and accessible Grand Canyon. I took so many pictures but you have to go in person to truly experience the beauty. The vibrant red, almost surreal towers of rock pasted against a blue sky. Just wait till I see the Grand Canyon then my mind will be blown.

Canyon-view from the top.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


The Canyon up close and personal.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

Peek-a-boo.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


Part of the group within the canyon.
Photo Credit: Trish Seelman
I did not like how touristy it was in and around Bryce. It was almost demeaning the beauties of this natural wonder by having inns, lodges, and campgrounds infringing upon it. I am glad we stayed at Timber Creek campground away from all the tourist traps. Plus it felt pretty awesome to drive down a gravel road to our campsite and sleep in a glen of trees. Overall all it was a Bryce day hahaha get it.


The next morning before we left for Zion National Park, we spoke about Prairie dogs which are an endangered species right outside the park. Prairie dogs are the pigeons of the west. The dogs dig up the ground, and make holes that livestock can fall into therefore farmers and ranchers do not like having them on their land and are prone to shooting them.
There are about 1,000 Utah prairie dogs left in the country. There are 14-20 different types of prairie dog species in North America. They have been an endangered species since the initial signing of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The species is very hard to translocate if they are found on someone’s property because they hunt in large groups and you need to take all of the prairie dogs of the “town” to the new location.

I found it very interesting that the dogs and bison have a symbiotic relationship. The bison lift up vegetation and grasses when they eat and the prairie dogs use those holes the bison dig as their towns.

Prarie dog warning its town that intruders, we, were there.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


State Parks- Antelope Island- Salt Lake City, Utah

We stayed overnight at Antelope Island State Park on the night of June 12th. It is the largest island  located in the Great Salt Lake of Utah and is accessible by land bridge. The island is 15 miles by 4 ½ miles. There are eleven islands in total in Salt Lake; eight are always visible and three appear and disappear as the level of water in the Lake changes. 
View of mountains and Salt lake from van driving across land bridge.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire



View from hill of Lake, landscape and mountains.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


Erin among the scruffy vegetation of island.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire
We were eaten alive by knats when we hiked along the Western Loop Trail. It was worth the hike and  tiny annoyances because we got to see bison up close and personal.


The West Loop Trail.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


Buffalo in the distance.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

Buffalo print along the trail.
Photo Credit: Erin  Maguire

The bison are not native to the park, they were introduced in 1893. The park says that the bison on the island have proven to be”a valuable genetic pool for bison breeding and conservation purposes”. The bison survive because the island is covered in grasses that they eat but the bison destroy the vegetation in the process of eating it. They also drink the limited fresh water supplies of the island which should be used by native species to the island.  The island is native to Pronghorn Antelope (hence the name of the island) , Bighorn Sheep, porcupine, badger, coyote, bobcat, and millions of waterfowl. In my mind, the bison were put there as a tourist attraction.


Pronghorn Antelope

Bighorn Sheep



National Parks-Rocky Mountain Nat. Park Colorado

We stayed at Rocky Mountain National Park from June 8th till June 11th.
The first day June 8th we picked up the driving party from Denver International Airport and then drove to and set up our camp.


View of  the Rocky Mountains from our campsite.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

The second day, June 9th we went to the National Renweable Lab in Golden, Colorado and we had a discusson from the Western Resource Advocates at a library outside Boulder, Colorado ( These discussions are found under the Renewable Energy section of blog). We came back to our campsite that afternoon and saw that all our tents had been blown over from the wind. That night I stayed awake in my tent as the wind hollowed and the rain poured down. I swore the tent was going to collapse over me. There are downsides to camping in the valley of beautiful mountains- sometimes the weather gets a little intense.

The third day, June 10th, we wanted to go on a hike near Bear Lake with an elavation over 9,000 feet but there was still 2 feet of snow on the ground and its June! We had to settle for a hike around  Fern Lake which was about a 7 mile hike. It wasn't really settling though because Fern Lake was a hike complete wiht huge boulders, spectacular views of the Rocky Mountains, babbling brooks and two waterfalls-one at which we had lunch at.


Erin on the trail near one of the babbling brooks of Fern Lake.
Photo Credit: Erin of course =)


Waterfall we had lunch at.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

Over the course of the day, we discussed some history and environmental issues surrounding  Rocky Mountain National Park and  also spoke about some endangered species in Colorado. Our speaker was Partick Hossay, a professor at Stockton, who came along on the trip to help Tait with discussons on wildlife and ecology.

History:
Estes Park, Colorado wanted to keep the Rocky Mountains north of their town pristine and protected plus they wanted a place to hunt and fish. Since its creation the park has had a battle between conservation and recreation.

Environmental Issues:
Inside the park there is no real tree biodiversity. There are too many elk in the park and they eat at the Aspen trees- you can see now that sections of the Aspen trees are now fenced off. There needs to be a fire within the park to reduce the density of trees and  the pines need fire to have their seeds open up and germinate. The pine borrowing beetle is also destroying the trees in the park. Look at the mountains and you see purple trees- those are actually dead trees. Do you still think the mountain is beautiful even if all the pine trees are dying?

Dying pines of the Rocky Mountians.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire


Endangered Species:
The resorts in Vail, Colorado wanted to release Canada Lynx in mountains near their resort. There were stable numbers of the Canada Lynx in Canada and Alaska but not in the Rockies. 2011 is the first year of high kitten rate for the Lynx.

The wolverine not as well known as the lynx was also released near the resorts. They live in very high parts of the mountians. The extreme sports like skiing/snowboarding after being dropped by helicopter disturbs wolveirne habitat. The wolverine was taken off the endangered species list becasue there are just to hard to tract-we think there are three to five hundred left in the Rockies.

                                       Picture of wolverine.                                Picture of Canada lynx.

On the fourth day, June 11th, we packed up camp and made our way out of Rocky Mountain National Park along Trail Ridge Road- the highest road in America; it is over 11,000 feet above sea level. We were on our way to Utah to Flaming Gorge Recreation Area (within the section concerned with Water Issues of the West).



Both Pictures of the terrain of Trail Ridge Road.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire

On our way out of the park on June 11th we also stopped at Grand Lake in Colorado. It is the deepest and largest natural lake  in Colorado-it was formed by a glacier and is over 300 feet deep.


Grand Lake, Colorado.
Photo Credit: Erin Maguire